Early History of Google

Google began in march 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, a Ph.D. student at Stanford working on the Stanford Digital Library Project (SDLP). The SDLP's goal was “to develop the enabling technologies for a single, integrated and universal digital library." and was funded through the National Science Foundation among other federal agencies. In search for a dissertation theme, Page considered—among other things—exploring the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, understanding its link structure as a huge graph. His supervisor Terry Winograd encouraged him to pick this idea (which Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever got and Page focused on the problem of finding out which web pages link to a given page, considering the number and nature of such backlinks to be valuable information about that page (with the role of citations in academic publishing in mind). In his research project, nicknamed "BackRub", he was soon joined by Sergey Brin, a fellow Stanford Ph.D. student supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Brin was already a close friend, whom Page had first met in the summer of 1995 in a group of potential new students which Brin had volunteered to show around the campus. Page's web crawler began exploring the web in March 1996, setting out from Page's own Stanford home page as its only starting point. To convert the backlink data that it gathered into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm. Analyzing BackRub's output—which, for a given URL, consisted of a list of backlinks ranked by importance—it occurred to them that a search engine based on PageRank would produce better results than existing techniques (existing search engines at the time essentially ranked results according to how many times the search term appeared on a page). A small search engine called RankDex was already exploring a similar strategy.

Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. By early 1997, the backrub page described the state as follows.

Originally the search engine used the Stanford website with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, Google Inc., on September 4, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.

Both Brin and Page had been against using advertising pop-ups in a search engine, or an "advertising funded search engines" model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the topic while still students. However, they soon changed their minds and early on allowed simple text ads.

The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol," which refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros (although Enid Blyton used the word decades earlier in "Google Bun" - Chapter IX, The Magic Faraway Tree). Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb, "google," was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning, "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.

By the end of 1998, Google had an index of about 60 million pages. The home page was still marked "BETA", but an article in Salon.com already argued that Google's search results were better than those of competitors like Hotbot or Excite.com, and praised it for being more technologically innovative than the overloaded portal sites (like Yahoo!, Excite.com, Lycos, Netscape's Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com and MSN.com) which at that time, during the growing dot-com bubble, were seen as "the future of the Web", especially by stock market investors.

In March 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 1999. The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex, a 1 followed by a googol of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.

The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and click-throughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click. This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services, before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing). While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.

Google's declared code of conduct is "Don't be evil", a phrase which they went so far as to include in their prospectus (aka "red herring" or "S-1") for their IPO, noting, "We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served — as shareholders and in all other ways — by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains.

Post your photos with free photo hosting websites

Today with the advent of internet, online communication has gained a major demand. And many people love to communicate through online by messengers and other social networking websites, these websites offer the users with diverse options. They even can host their images on these websites. Apart from this, the free photo hosting/ photo sharing is an online activity that has gained maximum popularity from all corners of the through out these years. These sites offer you to share your personal photographs with the world.
The Free photo hosting websites can be used for free or either can be used by paying a few sum of amount, using the paid photo hosting can provide you with extra added services. However these photo posting websites have their own benefits as they enable you to upload images and you are free to explore them across the world. Many users can view your images.

The major drawback of this photo hosting websites is that, the user will not get a large amount of space for storing his/ her photos and will be restricted to a limit. This proves out to become a problem especially when you start sharing your images on a large basis.
However people who host their image on a regular basis prefer the idea of paid photo hosting services, this is not just solely because of the reason that it provides you with greater storage capacity but also it provides you a platform with some of its amazing features. Some of these features include- the password set-up, this you can apply it on any of your photo album which you like to share only with a few. You can give your album’s password to those few who can view your personal album and by this way you can stay protected. Most of the people prefer this option to serve with in their family and relatives.

The second feature of the photo hosting websites is its customisable skins, these generally are also called as the themes of these hosting pages on which the images are shown. This gives an extra added attractive look to the online photo albums. These often help you to make your album look attractive. These themes do the work of creating an image for your photographs. These are especially used in for blogs to differentiate between your photo album and your blog.
The last and the most common feature of the image hosting website is its increased space for image, this storage feature will enable you to upload maximum number of images even the high-quality ones. These uploading will take less time.
For an initial start for image hosting, free image hosting websites are always recommendable. As they provide you the most basic ladder to connect with world.

Don't Think You Need A Web Host? Top 11 Reasons You Do

You might think you’re saving money and showing good business sense by using the free Web space that comes from your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Alternatively, you may have gotten a friend to give you a subdomain, meaning your URL would like something like "yourname.theirname.com." Perhaps you don’t have a standalone Web site at all, but have drafted your Facebook and/or MySpace pages into service, making them your de facto Web presence.

This doesn’t show good business sense at all. It shows that you are cheap, shortsighted and unimaginative, and those are about the three most unappealing traits anyone could want to project in any business climate-much less a recessionary one that demands first-rate customer service and creative thinking.


Here are 11 of 1001 reasons

There are so many reasons to have your own Web host, custom URL and well-crafted Web pages that it’s hard to pick the "top 11." The following, in no particular order, should be compelling enough to get you moving in the right direction.

#1- You’ll save time.
You might think that using your ISP's cookie-cutter site-building tools save you time by getting down to the basics. Wrong. You will spend a ton of time trying to make those underpowered "click 'n' pick" page builders do what you need. Creating your own pages, with great tools that range from freeware to the gold standard Adobe Dreamweaver, will get you what you really need, and fast.

#2- Prices are low, low, low.
There are dozens of Web hosting companies, and over the last five years we have gotten to the point that $10-a-month hosting accounts have the storage space and bandwidth that $100 accounts did. A full-blown e-commerce site that would have cost hundreds of dollar several years ago gets the same functionality today for a fraction of that amount.

#3- The site will be you, you, you.
The ticky-tacky, "same old thing" appearance of freebie ISP pages will kill any hopes of individuality or flair. With a real Web hosting package, one that allows you to upload whatever kind of pages you like, you project a unique identity. You will look like you, not another clone of a template from a click ‘n ‘ pick site builder.

#4- Choose your own name.
How seriously will your firm be taken with the name "members.myfirm.host.com"? Name your own site by buying your own domain and hosting it with a professional firm. If you’re pressed for time, some firms will handle all of it for you-domain registration, name servers, hosting, e-mail - the whole ten yards.

#5- Mobility and options.

Many professionals rent office space even though they work primarily from home. They do this for the "look" and effect. Today, the first thing most clients and customers are going to see is your Web site, not your office waiting room. You can meet clients for lunch, go to their offices or rent a meeting room if you need to, and save that extra expense.

#6- Help is available.
Your ISP won’t help you with your freebie site beyond posting a FAQ page, if that much. A paid host, on the other hand, is in business to be of service, so if you can’t get your Flash intro page to work, they will actually talk to you and give you advice.

#7- You get great resources, too.
Hosting companies will put everything you need in the way of free tools, plug-ins, how-to articles and even sales/marketing assistance into one central location. You don’t have to hunt all over cyberspace for the answer to your streaming media question. You will find the answer easily.

#8- Easy adaptation to changes.
You can do as much or as little with your space as you like. If you need special functionality, like true e-commerce capabilities or embedded videoconferencing, you can add it quickly. You need as much flexibility and control as you can get, and you don’t get it for free. On the other hand, it doesn’t cost that much now, either.

#9- Ever expanding choice of hosts.
If you start feeling cramped by your host’s plans, you can move elsewhere, quickly and cost-effectively. There is so much competition in this area that you’ll never run out of options. Don’t like the service? Move in minutes.

#10- Stay updated, automatically.
When you use a top-rated host, you know that they will be upgrading their hardware and software continuously. You will always have the latest and greatest infrastructure behind your company. Freebie packages just can’t compete.

#11- It just keeps getting better.
Not only does the infrastructure keep getting better, the deals do, too. You can update and upgrade your hosting plan on an ongoing basis with little effort. Adding up all the foregoing reasons, the fact that it just keeps getting better should be the "cherry on top" and seal the deal. The truth is, there is absolutely no good reason not to have a hosted account, unless you’re just playing around anyway. If you’re in business to succeed, there’s only one way to go, and that’s with a hosted account.

Getting Good Inexpensive web hosting

There are many cheap web hosting options available to those not only looking to create a personal website, but a business website as well. Now of course you may be tempted by the many companies offering cheap web hosting services, but remember a deal is only a deal if you are getting exactly what you need.

There are many reliable and cheap web hosting services available, but your very first priority must be with the customer service they will be providing you with. You want to know that you will be able to get in touch with the host when you need assistance.

Also, it is a good idea to make sure that they offer you enough space for your website and pictures, allowing extra room for expanding your product line and/or services. It is not just about finding a cheap service, but one that is reliable as well.


So what is the best way to find a cheap and reliable web hosting service? This part can be a little more complicated. Checking the track record of the company that you are considering using, is one way to insure that they are doing good business, however, there are many new hosting services that can provide you with decent service. The problem is that if you try them you could wind up paying for it in the long run.

The thing you must remember is that price and features are directly proportionate. As the price drops so do the features in most cases, so it is important to determine exactly what you need from a web hosting service before you buy. If you are a novice however, then you should really make sure that the web host you are using offers a web site builder
, or you may struggle to do things for yourself. Of course, you may be able to purchase these items but if you are paying for the tools you need, you may be better suited just paying a few dollars for the web site hosting itself and getting the tools you need included in the price. Cheap web hosting does exist; just make sure you are getting everything you need in the deal, because it not only needs to be cheap but reliable as well.


You will either get your business helped or stunted by your web hosting service. To get prosperous you want reliable php hosting to get your business going.

beneficial tips for web hosting

Web hosting is highly beneficial to those developing small business into the larger ones. Web hosting is basically an internet technology that helps to move your website containing all the information about your commercial activities. This helps to locate or find you website from any place in the world with the help of right key words. The concept of online business or online marketing is expensive compared to the conventional means of advertisement or marketing. This has proved big blessings for those small and growing businesses that have no big budget to spare for their marketing campaign. Web hosting would allow an opportunity to the small sized business to compete with the bigger ones dealing with the similar products or offering similar services. But as a matter of fact nobody is small or bin here on the internet since everybody is getting equal chance to display their commercial activities. It is up to the potential web viewers which site they prefer to watch to get the information about particular business. You don’t have to make the huge investment to promote your business or products to attract the customers but all these could be done here with the collective efforts. This is one of the basic reasons why more and more business people are attracted to the web hosting. You can also act as the reseller of the web hosting companies as it has led to the creation of many employment chances through the business. Web hosting has acquired a great popularity in current times. It has almost become the necessity for every business. There are many services offered without charging anything. This largely benefits the user by allowing web hosting of web page hosting without incurring any cost. Shared web hosting helps the website to get hosted on same server along with other websites. On the other hand, dedicated server offers better and exclusive services with greater benefits like good performance, higher reliability, security and customized configuration as needed.

With the help of web hosting, you can create several e-mail accounts that’ shows the professionalism and also offers reliability to the customers. While communicating with the customers from your email address would always leave better impression about your company without any further doubts. Web hosting enables to include shopping carts for those e-commerce sites, forums, chat panels and communities. This largely helps to know the views of the customers while communicating with them. A well functioning server also plays an important role for the web sites and web hosting services. The viewers might face to view the websites if the server crashes down. You can even have better server quality with shared web hosting or managed web hosting as it is well supported by the back up server.

Web hosting is highly beneficial to those developing small business into the larger ones. Web hosting is basically an internet technology that helps to move your website containing all the information about your commercial activities. This helps to locate or find you website from any place in the world with the help of right key words. The concept of online business or online marketing is expensive compared to the conventional means of advertisement or marketing. This has proved big blessings for those small and growing businesses that have no big budget to spare for their marketing campaign. Web hosting would allow an opportunity to the small sized business to compete with the bigger ones dealing with the similar products or offering similar services. But as a matter of fact nobody is small or bin here on the internet since everybody is getting equal chance to display their commercial activities. It is up to the potential web viewers which site they prefer to watch to get the information about particular business. You don’t have to make the huge investment to promote your business or products to attract the customers but all these could be done here with the collective efforts. This is one of the basic reasons why more and more business people are attracted to the web hosting. You can also act as the reseller of the web hosting companies as it has led to the creation of many employment chances through the business. Web hosting has acquired a great popularity in current times. It has almost become the necessity for every business. There are many services offered without charging anything. This largely benefits the user by allowing web hosting of web page hosting without incurring any cost. Shared web hosting helps the website to get hosted on same server along with other websites. On the other hand, dedicated server offers better and exclusive services with greater benefits like good performance, higher reliability, security and customized configuration as needed.

With the help of web hosting, you can create several e-mail accounts that’ shows the professionalism and also offers reliability to the customers. While communicating with the customers from your email address would always leave better impression about your company without any further doubts. Web Hostingenables to include shopping carts for those e-commerce sites, forums, chat panels and communities. This largely helps to know the views of the customers while communicating with them. A well functioning server also plays an important role for the web sites and web hosting services. The viewers might face to view the websites if the server crashes down. You can even have better server quality with shared web hosting or managed web hosting as it is well supported by the back up server.

Dynamic Websites with Windows Hosting

Today, individuals and businesses have to invest a lot of time and energy into creating and maintaining dynamic websites that are truly visually effective. Those looking for an easier and more efficient way to deal with their content are increasingly turning to Windows hosting. The availability of Microsoft’s Active Server Pages technology in Windows hosting solutions provides for dynamic web pages that can help give your website the best possible presentation and performance. ASP is a powerful and flexible technology that can provide your site users with a range of interactive page options and functionality that surpasses the norm. When opting for a Windows hosting package equipped with this dynamic programming technology, you will then have the tools needed to gain an edge on the competition. .

The ASP Advantage

There are numerous advantages to building your website with ASP. Perhaps the most obvious is the presence of dynamic elements that will make your site look more appealing to visitors. This is a winning quality for the online business owner who wants to enhance the browsing experience while trying to entice potential customers with their products or services. In fact, more and more businesses are investing in Windows hosting merely because of its ability to help them better engage the consumer and market their products. This is not only made possible from the use of ASP, but several other Microsoft technologies bundled in the Windows Server operating system and IIS web server.

A dynamic, content-rich website is generally easier to maintain, and this is especially true when your pages and applications are powered by ASP. The ASP framework encourages good programming practices, which empowers the knowledgeable developer to work with clean code that produces compliant output. Due to the fact that it is tightly integrated with IIS and the Windows platform, your visitors will be able to enjoy feature loaded web pages in the way they were meant to be viewed regardless of what type of browser they use. ASP makes one of the best options for providing rich, dynamic content that jumps off the screen at your visitors.

Getting the Best ASP Solution

As with any type of solution, there are many factors that must be considering when opting for a Windows host that supports ASP. Any server, regardless of the technology it uses, it is susceptible to downtime and other technical issues. For this reason, you want to seek out a provider that provides a reliable service able to assure you as little downtime as possible. It is also highly recommended that you find a host using the latest version of software applications and dependable hardware. Old software and equipment often have vulnerabilities that can result in security breaches and other problems you don’t need. For this reason, you may also want to consider using ASP.NET as it is the most current of Microsoft’s Active Server Pages technology. Paying attention to these factors will help to ensure that your site stays up and running online and your dynamic can be viewed in the manner it was meant to be.

Web Hosting and Spam Protection

In a modest victory in the effort to rid our inboxes of unsolicited email, the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Bureau of Investigation recently announced successfully shutting down the world's largest spam operation. The spammers were sophisticated both technologically and financially, operating simultaneously from multiple locations around the globe.

According to a report published by the New York Times, the group was sending out ''extraordinary amounts of spam''. Richard Cox, Chief Information Officer at SpamHaus, a nonprofit antispam research group is quoted as saying, ''This is pretty major. At one point these guys delivered up to one third of all spam.''

Think about that for a second - one third of all spam. At one point, authorities estimate that the spammers were sending out 10 billion email messages each day. That's billion with a 'b'. How on earth were these criminals even able to reach that type of spam email volume? By creating a global network of hijacked computers infected with malicious software. These 'zombie' computers were often delivering spam without the knowledge of their owners. According to the authorities the network was as large as 35,000 computers sending spam in concert.

What would motivate a criminal ring to go to all that trouble to send out emails? Money. According to the Federal Trade Commission investigators who investigated the group's finances, the spam ring cleared $400,000 in Visa charges in just one month. The products were herbal supplements including weight loss pills, knock off prescription drugs from India, and products that promised to increase the size of a certain male appendage.

Some estimates attribute spam for up to 90 percent of all emails sent. Throughout the history of the Internet, spam blocking technology has emerged to detect and blog unwanted emails. The spammers, however, have been incredibly resourceful in creating mechanisms to circumvent even the most robust anti spam software. This ever escalating 'arms race' of spam has caught businesses and consumers in the middle. So how best to protect your business and your inbox from spam? Compare Web Hosts asked the experts to weigh in and give us their opinions on how to win the spam battle. Here's what they had to say.

George Roberts, CEO at Interjuncture Corp., which provides the Easy Antispam email protection service suggested these tips on reducing unsolicited email, ''One of the easiest things to do to reduce the amount of spam you receive is to not publish your email address publicly on the web. Many spammers scrape email addresses from websites to include in their database. In my view, it's best to let an email security service provider block all unwanted mail before it even hits your network.''

Regarding emails that look legitimate but may originate from a malicious source Mr. Roberts added, ''The best way to protect yourself against spoof and phishing emails is to not click links directly from emails. It is much better to go directly to the website of the business purportedly sending the email to determine whether the message sent was legitimate.''

Hans Kind, CEO with FlyingServers International added these thoughts, ''Use a good spam filter, either software or hardware based. Protect your e-mail address by not providing an email address on any user forums or other online community sites. If you need to provide a valid email address, either use a non-business email address, or if you are able to create multiple email addresses, create a specific email address for that forum or community.''

Daniel Foster with budget hosting firm 34sp.com had these tips, ''Make sure your antivirus and antispam software is up to date and kept current. You should also have an email package which includes spam and virus filtering from your provider, so that you never end up getting spam in the first place. For unwanted e-mails from known contacts, most e-mail clients support blacklisting. This will allow you to add the sender's address to a list and will stop you receiving any e-mail from them.''

Expert on intrusion detection, network security for web hosting, and email security, Jim Garrity, serves with dedicated server provider HostMySite.com as Director of Infrastructure. Mr. Garrity provided the following tips to consider, ''I would take a two pronged approach to protecting yourself against spam as outlined below.

Step 1.) I would look at commercial Spam filtering services like Google's Postini, Barracuda Spam Firewall, MXLogic's Email Defense, or SpamAssassin. Most of these products focus on content-based email filtering, thereby quarantining suspected content from employee mailboxes. The following contents of an email are analyzed to determine spam likeliness:

Step 2.) Email mailbox filtering

* Only allow email into your inbox from users in your address book (called Whitelisting).

* Turn off any mail preview panes so that mail does not open until you physically open it after verifying that you know the mail sender.

* If you cannot Whitelist your email, take the opposite approach. In combination with your spam filtering service provider, develop a blacklist for senders that are spamming you. Configure your mail client and spam service provider with this information so that the message gets deleted in your inbox or before it reaches your inbox.

It seems likely that spam is a fact of modern online life, and it's here to stay. So take the advice of our experts and protect yourelf and your business from unsolicited emails. After all, you most likely don't need those 'herbal remedies' anyway.

Source : Derek Vaughan